University of groningen extraction and transport of ion beams. Geller, 1996 electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas. The authors have developed metallic ion beams in the energy range of a few kev to a few mev using a lowenergy ionbeam facility leibf consisting of a 10 ghz allpermanentmagnet electron cyclotron resonance ecr ion source placed on a highvoltage 200 kv platform. Electron cyclotron resonance ion source ecris 1 is a minimumb magnetic plasma trap. B kutner, calculating method for confinement time and charge distribution of ions in electron cyclotron resonance sources, rev sci instrum, vol. Microwaves were introduced in the plasma chambers from the cw generator via a vacuum window and the microwave transmission line. Electronbeam extraction system for the frankfurt 14 ghz. Reducing potassium contamination for ams detection of 39ar. In ecr plasma source, permanent magnets or solenoid coils are used to generate strong magnetic field. Geller, electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas, london. Such sources are mainly used to produce intense beams of highly charged ions, which require relatively high mean electron. The ecr ion sources allow the efficient use of rare isotopes of stable elements, either from natural or enriched sources. Electroncyclotron resonance ion sources springerlink. Electron cyclotron resonance ecr ion sources are scientific instruments particularly useful for physics.
In the cylindrical resonant cavities of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources ecris, microwave fields are used to generate and sustain the plasma. Coverage includes elements of plasma physics, specific electron cyclotron resonance physics, and the relevant technology directed at both scientists and engineers. Transverse ion and neutral temperatures at the electron cyclotron resonance position were measured in an electron cyclotron resonance ecr plasma using a highresolution optical emission spectroscopy of doppler pro. It is also reported that fullerene plasmas and beams have been produced in the ecr ion sources and mixed ironfullerene plasmas and fe related c60 molecules are produced in the ecr region 4. B 1 t resonance for 28 ghz ecr heating occurs when the electron cyclotron frequency equals the rf frequency. Plasma in the source is heated by microwaves absorbed by electrons in vicinity of the ecr surface. The thruster performances are deduced, and the influence of power and massflow ra. Electron cyclotron resonance an overview sciencedirect. Simulation of plasma confinement in an electron cyclotron. The impact of ecr ion sources on nuclear and geller was dedicated to electron beam ion sources ebis and electron cyclotron resonance ion sources ecris 1.
Characteristics of electron cyclotron resonance plasma sources. Mironov joint institute for nuclear research, ppl jinr, dubna, moscow region, 141980, russia s. Let me say from the start that opening this book on electron cyclotron resonance ion sources ecris and ecr plasmas is a real pleasure. Plasma diagnostics at electron cyclotron resonance ion. Microwave technology for the boost of performances in ecr ion. Electron cyclotron resonance plasmas were excited at a frequency of 2. University of groningen extraction and transport of ion. Some aspects of electron dynamics in electron cyclotron.
The super position of solenoid and sextupole magnets in an ecr source leads to very complex forces. The metallic vapors were achieved by plasma sputtering, using a microoven and. First time the arcshaped coils were used already in the 1960s in fusion experiments, for example at the lawrence livermore national laboratory. Studies of electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma physics by olli tarvainen academic disser tation for the degree of doctor of philosophy to be presented, by permission of the faculty of mathematics and science of the university of jyvaskyla, for public examination in auditorium fys1 of the university of jyvaskyla on decenber 16, 2005.
Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas by r geller and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Moreover, these sources are also of fundamental interest for plasma physics, because of the very particular properties of the ecr plasma. The ecr source is smaller than the cryebis, providing ions with lower mass and ultimate charge state, but with much greater beam current. The ions are eventually fed into the 88inch cyclotron for acceleration.
Metaldielectric structures for high charge state ion. Effect of background pressure on ion dynamics in an electron cyclotron resonance thruster benjamin n. At present there are roughly 33 ecr ion sources serving research cyclotrons at 22 facilities around the world 1. The use of a quartz liner in the electron cyclotron resonance ecr ion source of atlas reduced the intensity of the interfering 39 k isobar background by a factor of.
Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas. Generation of electron cyclotron resonance plasmas. The behavior of compact electron cyclotron resonance ion sources ecris is emphasized in this article, and more specifically the caprice ecris concept. Chargestate distributions of metallic electron cyclotron. All the free electrons will rotate with same frequency that can be calculated with the equation below. Frequency scaling in ecr ion sources electron cyclotron resonance condition geller proposed scaling for ecr ion sources 1987 plasma density n e f2 based on the assumption n e geller and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Electron cyclotron resonance sources of multicharged ions. Ion behavior and gas mixing in electron cyclotron resonance plasmas as sources of highly charged ions g. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion. Coverage includes elements of plasma physics, specific electron cyclotron resonance physics, and the relevant technology directed at both scientists and. Keywords charge state distribution outer magnetic field open magnetic trap. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sources as well as. May, 2004 electron cyclotron resonance ecr ion sources are scientific instruments particularly useful for physics.
Acknowledged as the founding father of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources richard geller has produced a unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Frequency scaling in ecr ion sources electron cyclotron resonance condition geller proposed scaling for ecr ion sources 1987 plasma density n e f2 based on the assumption n e may, 2004 electron cyclotron resonance ecr ion sources are scientific instruments particularly useful for physics. One is especially interested in this for directly heating the ions in a plasma. Plasmas in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources ecris are collisionless and the kinetic energy resides in the electrons while the ions stay cold. Once the input microwave frequency matches the electron cyclotron frequency, a resonating effect will heat up the massive number of electrons. The role of microwave technology in ecr electron cyclotron resonance ion sources has recently became more relevant as the increase of ion charge states and beam currents is demanding for higher microwave frequency and higher injected power to heat the plasma. Arcecris is an electron cyclotron resonance ion source based on arcshaped coils unlike the conventional ecris which bases on a multipole magnet usually a hexapole magnet inside a solenoid magnet. Consequently, the construction of a 99% pure aluminum plasma chamber having a highly emissive md structure on its inner surface is feasible. The thruster performances are deduced, and the influence of power and massflow rate is studied. A compact electron cyclotron resonance source for 2002000. Moreover, these sources are also of fundamental interest for plasma physics, because of the very particular properties of the ecr.
Abstract the ion production in an ecris is modelled using a particleincell montecarlo collision code in a threedimensional geometry. Consequences of mode structure on plasma properties in. The electron cyclotron resonance source ecr is a plasma device designed to provide highlycharged ions at low velocities. The plasma decay process of ecr ion sources has been classified into categories modes by geller. Pdf electron cyclotron resonance ion sources physics. These ions are kept contained in the ion sources magnetic field, allowing highenergy electrons to strip additional electrons from the ions. At t hat time the choice between the two types of ion sources was difficult because the achievable results of each were not easily predictable. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas geller, r acknowledged as the founding father of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources richard geller has produced a unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Electron cyclotron resonance plasmas and electron cyclotron. In fact the scaling laws have anticipated the trend to higher frequency as that permit to rise the plasma density and finally the. The electron cyclotron resonance ion sources ciavola and l. If you have a user account, you will need to reset your password the next time you login.
Effect of background pressure on ion dynamics in an. Direct thrust measurement of an electron cyclotron resonance. A possible optimization of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources plasma chambers. Since the early 1980s, following the awardwinning pioneering work done by dr.
Pdf electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas. The electron cyclotron resonance ion sources, annual. In this system, however, most of the fullerenes are decomposed by the high energy. Plasma diagnostics at electron cyclotron resonance ion sources by injection of laser ablated. Electron cyclotron resonance sources of multiply charged ions.
Celona results and interpretation of high frequency experiments at 28 ghz in ecr ion sources, future prospects jan 1990 4042. The working area of an electron cyclotron resonance ecr ion source is a plasma, which is held by an outer magnetic field. Jorns university of michigan, ann arbor, mi, 48104, usa the effect of background pressure on the discharge properties of a 30watt electron cyclotron resonance thruster is studied. In 1974 geller and his coworkers made a major step towards the ecr ion source by transforming a large mirror device circe 43 into an ion source, supermafios 44. The mean plasma potential was measured on the lbl advanced electron cyclotron resonance aecr ion source for a variety of conditions. Electron cyclotron resonance ecr ion sources are reliable and versatile producers of highly charged as well as intense beams of positive ions of many different species. The quiescent, diffusive plasma decay mode can be modeled as. A possible optimization of electron cyclotron resonance.
Geller, electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas inst. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas r. The mean potentials for plasmas of oxygen, argon, and argon mixed with oxygen in the aecr were determined. Institute of physics publishing 6 drentje a g 2003 rev.
Dec 14, 2007 the authors have developed metallic ion beams in the energy range of a few kev to a few mev using a lowenergy ion beam facility leibf consisting of a 10 ghz allpermanentmagnet electron cyclotron resonance ecr ion source placed on a highvoltage 200 kv platform. Palladino p360 usa calculations and experiments have been made on the ion cyclotron resonance phenomenon in a fully ionized gas. The 88inch cyclotron is fed by three electron cyclotron resonance ecr highchargestate ion sources. Direct thrust measurements of an electron cyclotron resonance plasma thruster are performed with a thrust balance. Ion behavior and gas mixing in electron cyclotron resonance.
Depending on the phase of the electron and the rf wave the electron can be heated or cooled. A possible optimization of electron cyclotron resonance ion. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sources as well as being a reference to the field. The book is written by a well known recognized expert in. Diagnostics of plasma decay and afterglow transient of an. Electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced direct. Ion and neutral temperatures in an electron cyclotron. In the last decade ecr electron cyclotron resonance ion sources have evolved from a single large, power consuming, complex prototype into a variety of compact, simple, reliable, efficient, high performance sources of high charge state ions for accelerators and atomic physics. Electron cyclotron resonance an overview sciencedirect topics.
Geller r 1996 electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas bristol. A new 14 ghz electroncyclotronresonance ion source for. Only the heavy particles ions and atoms are tracked, with the electron density determined from the. Institute of physics publishing 11 ropponen t, tarvainen o, jones p, peura p, kalvas t, suominen p, koivisto h and arje j 2009 nucl. Direct thrust measurement of an electron cyclotron. At present there are roughly 33 ecr ion sources serving research cyclotrons at. Electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced direct current. Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources and ecr plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sources as well as being a reference to the field of ion source developments. It was found that microwave breakdowns at pressures. First time the arcshaped coils were used already in the 1960s in fusion experiments, for example at the lawrence livermore national laboratory mftf, baseball ii. Plasma potentials and performance of the advanced electron.
1006 1091 254 427 332 746 1268 1411 1459 147 102 752 107 822 971 966 69 304 323 883 41 206 846 678 1220 1185 988 697 448 1358 451 410 1173 206 1146 1010 242 923 1381 486 1479 485 438 1146